Zwiers, F. and  V. Kharin, 1998:  Intercomparison of interannual variability and potential predictability: an AMIP diagnostic subproject.  Climate Dynamics, 14, 517-528.

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The inter-annual variability and potential predictability of 850 hPa temperature (T₈₅₀), 500 hPa geopotential (<phi>₅₀₀) and 300 hPa stream function (<psi>₃₀₀) simulated by the models participating in the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) are examined. The total inter-annual variability is partitioned into a potentially predictable component which arises from the forcing implied by the prescribed SST and sea-ice evolution, or from sources internal to the simulated climate, and an unpredictable low frequency component induced by "weather noise". There is wide variation in the ability to simulate observed inter-annual variability, both total and weather-noise induced. A majority of models under simulate seasonal mean <phi>₅₀₀ variability in DJF and JJA and over simulate <psi>₃₀₀ variability in JJA. All but one model simulates less T₈₅₀ total inter-annual variability than in the analysed data. There is little apparent connection between gross model characteristics and the corresponding ability to simulate observed variability, with the possible exceptions of resolution.